The south sudan conflict is one of the longest in global history. The sudan and south sudan conflict 101 in order to understand the conflict between sudan and south sudan, it is necessary to understand the colonial history of sudan. As foreseen by the cpa, a referendum on the independence of south sudan was held in january 2011. Igad khartoum declaration of agreement between parties.
Sudan consisted of kingdoms and tribal communities until the turkoegyptian invasion of 1821. Uprisings that erupted after the elections of 2010 and independence in 2011 and the clashes at the border between sudan and south sudan have been discussed in academic as well as policyrelated publications. The territory of southern sudan south sudan since 2011 has long been a site of mutual interventions and proxy conflict between khartoum and kampala. Learn about the civil war in south sudan, sanctions imposed by the united states and europe, and other recent developments on cfrs global conflict tracker. South sudan has, since at least the 2012 talks in uganda, likewise been in negotiations with the comesa governing bodies to discuss. But even as the civil war between north and south was reaching what was thought to be the ultimate conclusion, another conflict was brewing in the little known western portion of sudan. The case of south sudans agreement on the resolution of the. Today, there is still no end in sight to the civil war raging in south sudan. Peace and conflict studies, security publish your bachelors or masters thesis, dissertation, term paper or essay. Much of the violence in sudan and south sudan has been incorrectly labeled as terrorism, and systemic conditions are often cited as the root cause. A renewed focus on south sudan is in order given the recent conflict in juba from july 711. Igad center of excellence in preventing and countering violent extremism. Baseline assessment communicating for peace in south sudan.
Sudan and south sudan conflict by emma macdougall on prezi. Supporting igadplus efforts to get the parties agreement on a final peace deal in the coming weeks is the best if imperfect chance to end the conflict and prevent further regionalisation. Modern history of conflict in sudan pulitzer center. The sudan and south sudan conflict 101 the borgen project. Uganda, south sudans southern neighbor, has had an enduring role in aiding south sudan in its infant years. The genesis, dynamics and effects of the civil war in south sudan mr. The conflict has been marked by the failure of the government of the republic of south sudan. Profoundly regretting the suffering and distress caused to the people of south sudan by the conflict ongoing in south sudan since 15 december 20 and apologising unconditionally to. Machar denied trying to start a coup and fled to lead the splm in opposition splmio. Social scientists in sudan and south sudan have also turned their critical attention to colonial administrators,10 development and humanitarian practitioners,11 lobby groups,12 and their own discipline. The signing of a comprehensive peace agreement by the sudanese government and the rebel group splma brought about the end to decades of civil war, and south sudans independence in 2011.
South sudan conflict analysis brief south sudan, the worlds youngest nation, continues to struggle despite the august 2015 signature of a peace agreement. Finding peaceful resolution to the conflict in south sudan. Mortality, acute malnutrition and disease have been exacerbated by the conflict. South sudan hasnt known peace since it became an independent nation in 2011. In 2017, south sudans civil war entered its fourth year, spreading across the country with new fighting in greater upper nile, western bahr al ghazal, and the equatorias, featuring highly. Agreement on the resolution of the conflict in the republic of south sudan. Agreement on the resolution of the conflict in south sudan.
In 1924, the british divided the region into two territories. Sudan and south sudans merging conflicts the web site cannot. The untold story from independence to civil war, hilde f johnson. Applying dynamical systems theory to understand local conflict in south sudan contexts is distinct from the broader, national level cleavages that beset these countries during the war and requires more attention from researchers and practitioners autesserre 2010 and united states. The report builds upon the unmiss interim report on human rights, released on 21 february. Pdf a strategic analysis of conflict in sudan and south. Conflict analysis and options for systemic conflict. Right from the independence of sudan from the british colonial government in 1956, the government of sudan was overly dominated by northern arabs and it entered into an armed conflict with south sudanese rebels. As its implementation faltered, violence between factions broke out again in july 2016, setting back the peace process once again. In march, i traveled there, speaking with the countrys leaders and citizens about the southern crisis and learning about the three divergent narratives circulating in juba these days that attempt to explain its roots. South sudan, which separated from sudan in 2011 after almost 40 years of civil war, was drawn. Today, due to the horrific events that have occurred there over the past several years, we know it as darfur.
But the jubilation over this newfound freedom was fleeting, and internal strife has marred much of its short life as an independent state. South sudans civil war is the result of a weakly institutionalized state and may require the african unions intervention to find peace and. The rupture in south sudan was preceded by continuous warfare in darfur and renewed conflict in south kordofan and blue nile states, a. South sudans current conflict leaves residents in desperate state nprs kelly mcevers speaks with justin lynch, a journalist in juba, south sudan, about the roots of the current conflict in. When the conflict began between the dinka and nuer groups, uganda entered juba, the capital of south sudan, to secure the area and allow refugees to leave the city. South sudans civil war, which began in december 20, continued in 2016 with serious abuses against civilians by both government forces and opposition fighters despite a peace agreement signed. South sudans war has brought underlying regional tensions to the fore. Understanding the roots of conflict in south sudan. Deepen their engagement in the region, including by. Great britain established colonial rule of the region sudan in the 19th century. Take a look at the timeline below for a peek into the countrys history, from its violent split from sudan through to today.
Aly verjee with little more than a month left before a new transitional government is set to assume power in south sudan, efforts to keep the latest peace agreement on track are becoming more urgent, even as most key pretransition deadlines have been missed and the political will of the belligerents. Igads mediation in the current south sudan conflict. To do so, it will follow an adapted conflict analysis framework, originally designed for peacebuilding planning. The comprehensive peace agreement cpa of 2005 resulted in the independence of south sudan. Representation and access to these resources have often been. When water, land and oil mix with politics chapter pdf available june 20 with 4,283 reads how we measure reads. Conflict in south sudan and the challenges ahead congressional research service summary south sudan, which separated from sudan in 2011 after almost 40 years of civil war, was drawn into a devastating new conflict in late 20, when a political dispute that overlapped with preexisting ethnic and political fault lines turned violent.
In late december 20, following months of deteriorating political relations between the president and opposition members, armed conflict erupted between elements of the presidential guard in juba. This paper aims at analysing the current conflict situation in south sudan, and to find reasons for the protracted armed conflict. The sudanese conflict in south kordofan and blue nile, also referred to by some media as the third sudanese civil war, is an ongoing armed conflict in the sudanese southern states of south kordofan and blue nile between the sudanese army saf and sudan peoples liberation movementnorth splmn, a northern affiliate of the sudan peoples liberation movement splm in south sudan. Talks led by east africas igad offer the best chance to end south sudans spreading war. The relationship between sudan and south sudan after.
Lack of education is often overlooked as a cause of south sudans conflict. Sudanese conflict in south kordofan and blue nile wikipedia. Conflict profile, causes, actors and dynamics tethloach ruey doctoral thesis dissertation politics international politics topic. South sudan conflict subregional refugee crisis adjusted planned results for background since 15 december 20, the escalation of armed ethnic conflict in south sudan has resulted in the death of hundreds and displacement of thousands of civilians. An analysis of mediation as a tool in conflict resolution.
One study of 24 communities in unity state found that nearly 8000 people had been killed over a twelvemonth period. Pdf resourcebased conflict in south sudan and gambella. Finding peaceful resolution to the conflict in south sudan 3 ethnic variety, hosting 60 indigenous ethnic groups, the majority being christian and a small part being muslim. Sudan and south sudans merging conflicts crisis group. United nations mission in the republic of south sudan unmiss since the outbreak of the conflict on 15 december. Pdf with the south sudanese conflict in its fifth year in 2018, this.
Beyond greed and grievance in south sudan analysis of. Re sudans rape of darfur, by george clooney, john prendergast and akshaya kumar oped, feb. Role of igad in resolving the conflict in south sudan. For more than eighteen months, the intergovernmental authority on development igad, the regional body mediating peace negotiations to end south sudan s civil war, has struggled to secure a deal in the face of deep regional divisions and the parties truculence. Igad center for pastoral areas and livestock development. A human rights report united nations mission in south sudan. In december 20, president kiir accused his former deputy riek machar and ten others of attempting a coup detat. South sudan, as a result of tribal and political conflict, is a country in name only. Although there is no formal death toll for the south sudan conflict, tens of thousands of people are estimated to have been killed since december, 20. The case of south sudans agreement on the resolution of the conflict in south sudan. After years of conflict, a comprehensive peace agreement between the sudanese government and southern sudan is signed. However, many issues remain unresolved for south sudan and its northern neighbour. Badal, the rise and fall of separatism in southern sudan, african affairs 75, 301 1976, pp.
This article argues that terrorism is the use of violence to coerce political concessions and. More specifically, the sudan case demonstrates intergovernmental authority on developments appropriateness in managing the conflict between the north and south, given the marginalization of the. Since the eruption of the armed conflict in the south sudan, the. Resourcebased conflict in south sudan and gambella ethiopia. Sudan and south sudan s merging conflicts crisis group africa report n223, 29 january 2015 page iii recommendations to deescalate sudan s and south sudan s conflicts on the ground to china and the u. A social and behaviour change communication initiative page 3 the following individuals from forcier consulting contributed to the field research and analysis. Ending south sudans civil war council on foreign relations. South sudan, the worlds youngest country, gained independence on 9 july 2011 following decades of war, lengthy negotiations and a referendum to secede from sudan. The south sudanese civil war was a conflict in south sudan between forces of the government and opposition forces. South sudans ongoing civil war tests ethiopias foreign.
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